During the Second Sino-Japanese War he collaborated with the Japanese, serving briefly in the puppet government in China headed by Wang Jingwei in 1939-40. This history made many Chinese regard him as a Hanjian or traitor. , and led to intense controversy regarding the value of his work .
After the war, he went into hiding, eventually fled to Japan. In the early 1970s he taught in Chinese Culture University in Taiwan for several years, until popular pressure forced him to return to Japan, where he died in Tokyo in 1981.
Works
*《今生今世》, a memoir;
*《禪是一枝花》, a study in Buddhism;
*《中國文學史話》, a study on the history of Chinese literature ;
*《山河歲月》
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